OK, I think I got it.
@Joe Could you look at the Github link above ?
It seems that, on Debian 10, the SSH keys used by ProFTPD should be generated with the “-m PEM” flag in order to work properly.
I fixed it by doing this on my Debian 10 servers:
rm /etc/proftpd/ssh_host*
ssh-keygen -f /etc/proftpd/ssh_host_rsa_key -N '' -t rsa -m PEM
ssh-keygen -f /etc/proftpd/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N '' -t ecdsa -m PEM
/etc/init.d/proftpd restart
Hope it helps.